The Gowers Review confirms what the CLA denies, namely that a rule of thumb for non-commercial copying exists:
3.27 UK copyright law provides a number of ‘exceptions’ to the broad rights granted to the
owner of a copyright work to enable ‘reasonable’ use to be made of the work freely and
without permission. While the public are generally unaware of these exceptions (some of
which fall under the rubric of ‘fair dealing’), perhaps the best-known example is the rule of
thumb that an individual may photocopy an excerpt from a book of not more than one
chapter, or 5 per cent (whichever is the least), without infringing copyright. While the
exceptions are restricted to particular acts, the USA has a similar doctrine of ‘fair use’ which
is more flexible in its application.

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